NDM News: Citizen journalism

• Examples
• 1991 police were abusing a black male and it was filmed.After a high speed chase they caught and surrounded.They beat him and tasered him,it was filmed by someone looking gout their apartment window and it was considered to be a home video.It became global and that video was used in all the news segment.The year later the four officers were cleared of all charges and this lead to riots with 4000 people injured and 53 people died.The riots also cost 1 billion in damages.
• Asian tsunami in December 2004 people where recording mostly for their holiday memories on their phones however changed very quickly as they were filming a world disaster.The natural disaster made it onto all the social media outlet and had millions of views.
• The there was the London bombings in 2005 as people who were there were filming the aftermath of people getting in the ambulance a video went on the popular site back then Myspace and the whole place being packed.
• Then there was a 23 year old seung-hui chohe was a mass murder as he killed 2 people then 30 people on another it happened a Virginia tech were there,any student as with mobile phones however one was brave enough to get the shots.Instead of saving himself he recorded the event from where he was,which was on the floor.Therefore the footage got into the hand of news paper and news institution
• Theory (audience reception etc.) 
• Hypodermic needle model as new and digital media allows people to follow and comment on their reliable source.As they receive the message.
• Benefits to institutions 
• The citizen journalism does really get any recognition from someone on social media so most of he citizen journalist content are sent into the institution for them to broadcast it and thank the person who sent it.So it nearly all of the content comes from citizen journalism 
• Then even the institution stay on top of things on social media and so they get content from citizen journalism and put on their segment on to or sticks or even blog.
• Benefits to audience 
• The audience gets a real authority and reality of the citizen journalism content.the audience don't believe everything they hear but they will believe what they see as its there whether it's on the news or social media 
• Wider issues and debates 
• How to make money for both the generator and the host of the content
• SHEP
• Social:Every major institution has a twitter account or YouTube account so there breaking news and daily news is hit by others.Its watched,likes,commented,re tweeted and favorited and so on.
    
  Historic: Citizen journalism has increased as someone with a phone and access to a minor social media following can get their picture and right their own content.From the first ever citizen journalism example in la 1991.Citizen journalism is taken on board by the citizen rather than back in the day where the picture or video would be placed in the hand of the institution
    
  Economic: Institution want to make profit by making more money than they spend so they let go some of their journalists and its hard to become a journalist
    
  Political: Some institution follow different rules and so they might give a different story or a biased side
   

1) What is meant by the term ‘citizen journalist’?

Citizen journalist means ordinary people with no big institution backing them.They use their own equipment to take picture or video and upload it to the Internet to allow other to view it.They are able to give the real picture of happened in the events.Sometimes they even write their own content to explain what happened whether it's online or on a article or blog.So this means news being generated by ordinary people.

2) What was one of the first examples of news being generated by ‘ordinary people’?

Its was the Rodney King situation as he was being brutally attacked by 4police officers and so someone saw from their apartment window and recorded from their home window. The footage reached news stations and newspapers.The footage gave evidence to the case and so the officers went to the court.The charges were dropped as they said it wasn't hardcore evidence and so the city of LA didn't take it too well about it and so they started rotation.
3) List some of the formats for participation that are now offered by news organisations.

Social networking sites have introduced message:

• boards
• polls
• chat rooms 
• Q&A.

4) What is one of the main differences between professionally shot footage and that taken first-hand (UGC)?

Professionally shot footage have better lighting or sound and are much clearer.The content moves with what we are seeing.However UGC can be very hard to see as it was hard to catch the shot so its more authentic however bad lighting and sound.

5) What is a gatekeeper?

Regulator of published news content

6) How has the role of a gatekeeper changed?

Chance for self-representation and the audience can choose for themselves what is 'news' instead of the institutional gatekeepers regulating the information shared around in the industry. 

7) What is one of the primary concerns held by journalists over the rise of UGC?

They fear for their jobs due to the reduced requirement of trained staff at news organisations. 

• News stories

The institutions have social media account to spread their news and so the audiences get their news on the social media.Also the audience get their news for free and that makes institutions lose out on revenue and profit.

• The news agenda (the choice of stories that make up the news)

Audience can get any type of news depending on their views.As there's a wider variety of institution of newspapers to get their news from such as the sun for gossip low brow info or for example the guardian for political or high intellectual news.

• The role of professionals in news

professional journalism is becoming less needed as big institutions are becoming smaller and big institutions are having to cut down on staff members.